Rhodnius prolixus is a hematophagous insect of the order Hemiptera and one of the main vectors of Chagas disease. Despite its medical relevance, genetic and genomic studies on this insect are still scarce. Small non-coding RNAs play critical roles in the development of different organisms and are often associated with human pathologies. Recently, we sequenced small RNAs during critical stages for Rhodnius prolixus oogenesis and development. With this, it was possible to characterize the composition and expression of different classes of small RNAs, such as piRNAs, siRNAs and miRNAs. Our results open the way to understanding the different molecular mechanisms that guide oogenesis and the initial stages of development, as well as the antiviral response, of this important insect vector.